Comoros is considered to be the most bio-diverse  of the Indian Ocean islands, just  behind Madagascar and after Seychelles for it endemic species. Biodiversity is currently not well known, but primary research suggest amazing biodiversity. Studies already list more than 150 coral species, 270 algae, 10 sea-grasses, 279 fish species and more than 400 mussels species. 30 cetacean species have been identified (30% of all known species) including 6 species of dolphin, dugongs occur here and 2 species of marine turtle. The lagoon is an important breeding and nursery ground for several cetacean species, in particular the Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae. The Comoros also house more than 100 protected species under international and national laws.

The Comoros ecosystem (biotic) is a natural seed gene center. However, these living species and the rare genes they carry face with various known or unknown environmental problems in their habitats.
In addition to the destruction of habitats, due to these and similar reasons, biodiversity degradation also affects the introduction of foreign species, excessive use and deterioration in food chains.

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